一、大纲要求

　　最新《大学英语教学大纲》（1999）对四级语法的要求是：“巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。”

　　二、四级语法结构与词汇考查内容

　　四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。

　　1．语法考题的涉及面宽

　　近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。

　　2．语法考试的重点突出

　　语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。

　　3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况

　　1）虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时：It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／ advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时：proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。

　　2）状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly…when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as…as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。

　　3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。

　　4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。

　　5）定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。

　　4．词汇的考查重点为

　　1）动词，名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。

　　2）习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；

be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。

　　3）由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。

　　4）单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。

　　5）介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现。

　　5．近年来考题中的新趋势为：若干考点混合出现：一些交际用语也时常出现在考题中。

附：历年四级考试语法题选

一 虚拟语气考查点

essential , important 等词后的虚拟语气； 1) It was essential that the application forms___ back before the deadline （90年1月四级考试.）

A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent（答案是C）

2) It is vital that enough money ___ to fund the project . （97年1月四级考试.）

A is collected B be collected C must be collected D can be collected （答案是C）

if only ,wish等词后的虚拟语气； 1) Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If I ___ your advice . （93年6月四级考试.）

A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed （答案是B）

2) I wish I ___ longer this morning ,but I had to get up and come to class. （95年6月四级考试.）

A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept （答案是D）

条件从句中的虚拟语气

1) H e must have had an accident , or he ___ then （90年1月四级考试.）.

A would have been here B should be here C had to be here D would be here （答案是A）

二 动词的 ing 形式和过去分词

分词的独立结构

1）名词 （代词）+ 分词

A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. (90/1)

A） working out C) having been worked

B) having worked out D) to have been worked out 　　　　　　　 (C)

With + 名词（代词）+ V--ed或V--ing　　

2) After the Arab states won independence , great emphasis was laid on expanding education , with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school . (97/1)

A) to be couraged B) being encouraged C) been encouraged D) be encouraged (B)

动名词短语做宾语

They are considering _______ before the prices go up. (89/1)

A of buying the house C buying the house

B with buying the house D to buy the house (C)

分词短语做状语

________with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces. (92/6)

A Dissatisfying thoroughly C Being thoroughly dissatisfied

B to dissatisfy thoroughly D To be thoroughly dissatisfied (C)

分词短语做定语

If I correct someone , I will do it with as much good bumor and self C restraint as if I were the one _______. (95/1)

A to correct B correcting C having corrected D being correcting (D)

分词短语做补语

When I caught him _______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. (97/1)

A cheat B cheating C to cheat D to be cheating (B)

三 不定式

不定式在wh—Q，what ，how 等之后；

There is more land in Australia than the government knows ________. (89/1)

A what to do with B how to do C to do with it D to do it (A)

不定式做定语

不定式在 + which/who 之后做定语

不定式的进行式

不定式的完成式

不定式的被动语态

省to的不定式

四 名词做定语

I walked too much yesterday and ________ are still aching now . (95/6)

A my leg’s muscles C my leg muscles

B my muscles of leg D my muscles of the leg (C)

五 被动语态

The fifth generation computers , with artificial intelligence , ___________ and perfected now. (96/1)

A developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed (C)

六 时态

过完成式时

Before the first non C stop flight made in 1994 , it _____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling . (95/1)

A would be B has been C had been D would have been (C)

现在完成进行时

It seems oil _____ form this pipe for some time , we’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right .(97/6)

A had leaked B is leaking C leaked D has been leaking (D)

将来完成时

It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _____ by about 10% . (96/1)

A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising (A)

七 词序（副词的位置，前置定语的位置）

I could not find ____ , and so I took this one .(91/6)

A a large enough coat B a large coat enough C an enough large coat D a coat enough large (A)

八 情态动词

Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class ; she _____ have studied very hard . (89/1)

A may B should C must D ought to (C)

九 定语从句

_____ might be expected , the response to the question was very mixed . ( 95/1)

A As B That C It D What (A)

十 同位语从句

The mere fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does mean that it will not occur .(97/6)

A what B which C that D why (C)

十一 强调句型

___--she first heard of the man referred to as specialist . (90/1)

A That was form Stephen B It was Stephen

C It was form Stephen D It was Stephen that (C)

十二 主语和谓语动词的一致性

How close parents are to there children ____ a strong influence on the character of the children .

A have B has C having D to have (B)

十三 省略

_____ with the size of the whole earth , the highest mountain does not seem high at all . (90/1)

A When compared 　B Compare　 C While comparing 　D Comparing (A)

十四 到装

She never laughed , ____ lose he temper .(90/1)

A or she ever did B nor did she ever C or did she ever D nor she ever did (B)

十五 状语从句

You can not be ____ careful when you drive a car .(97/6 )

A very　 B so 　C too 　D enough (C)