如何猜测词义
在阅读中, 我们往往会遇到一些不认识的单词或短语, 或者认识的单词在文章中有了新的意义、如果这些词或短语不影响对文章主要内容的理解, 我们便可以将它们略过, 继续阅读。如果了解这些词语的意思对正确理解文意很重要, 这时, 我们就必须根据上下文的联系, 对它们的意义进行猜测, 使之不影响对整篇文章的阅读理解。需要注意的是, 一个单词通常有好几个意思, 我们要解决的是这些词在文中所表达的意思。因此, 不可脱离上下文, 只根据自己以前了解的词义来确定其意义。通常, 猜测词义可采用以下几种方法:
一. 利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述, 猜测词义.
1. The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.
如不知道vampire的词义, 从上文1ives on blood(靠吸血而生存)则可得知其词义为吸血昆虫.
2. The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.
如不知道spectacles的词义, 从下文"戴上'spectacles'后开始阅读"可猜得其词义为"眼镜".
3. Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous.
根据后半句让步状语从句, 可猜测instinct为"本能".
4. Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago.
Archaeologists 为“考古学家”
5. The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.
状语部分的意思是“她离开家人好几年了”, 对于一个女孩子来说, “想家”的结果是必然的。所以, 我们通过状语从句所提供的信息可以推断出homesick的意思是“想家的”.
二. 利用文中的举例猜测词义.
常见的举例的提示词有：for example, such as , for instance 等.
Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
如不知道appliances的意思, 从文中的举例washing-machines（洗衣机）, refrigerators（冰箱）, color televisions（电视机）可以猜出该词的意思为“家用电器”.
三. 利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语, 猜测词义.
Nearby is the race course, where the town's most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.
以where引导的定语从句为依据, course应是汽车赛举行的地点, 所以排除“过程”, “课程”, “航向”, 而要定义为“跑道”.
The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.
通过定语从句which is used to measure electricity（用来测量电的）, 我们可以将multimeter的词义确定为“万用表”.
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